UJP - 技術情報2 バックアップ : RapsberryPi3/002/FirstSetting のバックアップ差分(No.1)

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+*Raspberry Pi3 初期設定 [#o4796f0c]
+**はじめに [#p26e7211]
+　Raspberry Pi3にRASPBIANをインストール後，最初に必要と思われる設定を行う．SSH接続できる様にし，piユーザとrootユーザのパスワードを設定．固定IPアドレスを定義，
+**SSH接続する [#j1050cce]
+　デフォルトでSSHサーバが起動して接続できる様になっている．今回の場合は，192.168.0.3になっているが，IPアドレスを調べて，リモート接続してみる．
+　デフォルトで用意されているユーザIDのpiで接続．
+ MBA13:~ ujpadmin$ ssh pi@192.168.0.3
+ The authenticity of host '192.168.0.3 (192.168.0.3)' can't be established.
+ ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:s/2me7eOw9yV9pHLdjMZR9gPehGSPLydsBtua2Rhx7o.
+ Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
+ Warning: Permanently added '192.168.0.3' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
+ pi@192.168.0.3's password:
+パスワードはデフォルトのraspberryを入力．
+ The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
+ the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
+ individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
+ Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
+ permitted by applicable law.
+ Last login: Sun Jul  3 01:26:03 2016
+ pi@raspberrypi:~ $
+　接続できた．
+**piユーザとrootユーザのパスワード変更 [#v541c41a]
+　piユーザは誰でも知っているパスワードなので，変更する．
+ pi@raspberrypi:~ $ passwd pi
+ Changing password for pi.
+ (current) UNIX password:現在のパスワードのraspberryを入力．
+ Enter new UNIX password:新しいパスワード
+ Retype new UNIX password:新しいパスワード
+ passwd: password updated successfully
+ pi@raspberrypi:~ $
+　成功．rootユーザのパスワードも設定変更しておく．まずはsudoしてrootユーザに成り替わる．
+ pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo su -
+ root@raspberrypi:~#
+　パスワードを設定変更．
+ root@raspberrypi:~# passwd root
+ Enter new UNIX password:新しいパスワード
+ Retype new UNIX password:新しいパスワード
+ passwd: password updated successfully
+ root@raspberrypi:~#
+　完了．
+**ネットワーク情報を変更 [#h5df5795]
+***ネットワークの現在設定を確認． [#y022f4c2]
+ pi@raspberrypi:~ $ /sbin/ifconfig -a
+ eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr b8:65:ab:6c:27:eb
+           inet addr:192.168.0.3  Bcast:192.168.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
+           inet6 addr: fe80::7b2b:2fe4:1c2d:84f4/64 Scope:Link
+           UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
+           RX packets:1627 errors:0 dropped:3 overruns:0 frame:0
+           TX packets:904 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
+           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
+           RX bytes:609978 (595.6 KiB)  TX bytes:131135 (128.0 KiB)
+ lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
+           inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
+           inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
+           UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
+           RX packets:200 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
+           TX packets:200 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
+           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1
+           RX bytes:16656 (16.2 KiB)  TX bytes:16656 (16.2 KiB)
+ wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr b8:27:eb:39:30:fe
+           inet6 addr: fe80::a113:ce32:1dd1:5d6/64 Scope:Link
+           UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
+           RX packets:497 errors:0 dropped:497 overruns:0 frame:0
+           TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
+           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
+           RX bytes:201656 (196.9 KiB)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
+ pi@raspberrypi:~ $
+　WLANも認識しているな．．．
+***固定IPアドレスの設定 [#ad0e6dd6]
+　/etc/dhcpcd.confにIPアドレス・サブネットマスク，ゲートウェイアドレス，そしてDNSサーバを記載することで，固定IPアドレスを設定することができる．
+　まずは，現在設定を確認．
+ root@raspberrypi:~# grep -v "^#" /etc/dhcpcd.conf
+ hostname
+ clientid
+ persistent
+ option rapid_commit
+ option domain_name_servers, domain_name, domain_search, host_name
+ option classless_static_routes
+ option ntp_servers
+ require dhcp_server_identifier
+ slaac private
+ nohook lookup-hostname
+ root@raspberrypi:~#
+　設定を投入する．
+ root@raspberrypi:~# echo interface eth0 >> /etc/dhcpcd.conf
+ root@raspberrypi:~# echo static ip_address=192.168.0.241/24 >> /etc/dhcpcd.conf
+ root@raspberrypi:~# echo static routers=192.168.20.1 >> /etc/dhcpcd.conf
+ root@raspberrypi:~# echo static domain_name_servers=192.168.20.1 >> /etc/dhcpcd.conf
+ root@raspberrypi:~#
+　ホスト名編集前にバックアップを行う．
+ root@raspberrypi:~# cp -f /etc/dhcpcd.conf /etc/dhcpcd.conf.bak
+ root@raspberrypi:~#
+　ホスト名を設定する．この例の場合，commetというホスト名をつける．
+ root@raspberrypi:~# cat /etc/dhcpcd.conf.bak | sed -e 's/^hostname/hostname commet/g' > /etc/dhcpcd.conf
+ root@raspberrypi:~#
+　投入した設定を確認．
+ root@raspberrypi:~# grep -v "^#" /etc/dhcpcd.conf
+ hostname commet
+ clientid
+ persistent
+ option rapid_commit
+ option domain_name_servers, domain_name, domain_search, host_name
+ option classless_static_routes
+ option ntp_servers
+ require dhcp_server_identifier
+ slaac private
+ nohook lookup-hostname
+ interface eth0
+ static ip_address=192.168.0.241/24
+ static routers=192.168.20.1
+ static domain_name_servers=192.168.20.1
+ root@raspberrypi:~#
+***設定した固定IPアドレスを有効化する [#y014f61b]
+ root@raspberrypi:~# ifdown eth0;sleep 1;ifdown eth0 &
+ ifdown: interface eth0 not configured
+ [1] 1538
+ root@raspberrypi:~#
+　interfaceファイルに記載が無いのでifdown/ifupコマンドは利用できない模様．手っ取り早く再起動してみる．
+ root@raspberrypi:~# reboot
+ Connection to 192.168.0.3 closed by remote host.
+ Connection to 192.168.0.3 closed.
+ MBA13:~ ujpadmin$
+　変更後のIPアドレスで接続してみる．
+ MBA13:~ ujpadmin$ ssh pi@192.168.0.241
+ The authenticity of host '192.168.0.241 (192.168.0.241)' can't be established.
+ ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:s/2jMe7eOds9pua2RhxwPHLdhBt9yVGSPZR9gemLy7o.
+ Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
+ Warning: Permanently added '192.168.0.241' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
+ pi@192.168.0.241's password:先ほど設定したパスワード
+ The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
+ the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
+ individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
+ Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
+ permitted by applicable law.
+ Last login: Sun Jul  3 02:45:04 2016
+ pi@raspberrypi:~ $
+　設定を確認する．
+ pi@raspberrypi:~ $ ifconfig -a
+ eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr b8:65:ab:6c:27:eb
+           inet addr:192.168.0.241  Bcast:192.168.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
+           inet6 addr: fe80::7b2b:2fe4:1c2d:84f4/64 Scope:Link
+           UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
+           RX packets:145 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
+           TX packets:108 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
+           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
+           RX bytes:11545 (11.2 KiB)  TX bytes:15366 (15.0 KiB)
+ lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
+           inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
+           inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
+           UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
+           RX packets:128 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
+           TX packets:128 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
+           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1
+           RX bytes:10368 (10.1 KiB)  TX bytes:10368 (10.1 KiB)
+ wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr b8:27:eb:39:30:fe
+           inet6 addr: fe80::a113:ce32:1dd1:5d6/64 Scope:Link
+           UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
+           RX packets:26 errors:0 dropped:26 overruns:0 frame:0
+           TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
+           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
+           RX bytes:11233 (10.9 KiB)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
+ pi@raspberrypi:~ $
+　接続できた．