PostgreSQLの起動と停止
PostgreSQLの起動と停止
０．改訂履歴
１．はじめに
このドキュメントでは，PostgreSQLの起動と終了手順を説明する． この資料ではpostmasterを直接起動する方法は用いずにpg_ctlを使っている． また，簡単に起動するための設定などについても記述している．
２．データベースを起動したり停止してみる
- PostgreSQLの起動は，pg_ctlコマンドで実行する．
- コマンドを探す．
[postgres@mars database]$ locate pg_ctl | grep bin
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl
[postgres@mars database]$
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- データディレクトリとログファイルを指定して，データベースを起動する．
[postgres@mars database]$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl start ￥
> -D /usr/local/pgsql/database ￥
> -l /usr/local/pgsql/database/log/postgresql.log
postmaster successfully started
[postgres@mars database]$
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[postgres@mars database]$ ps -ef | grep pg
postgres 21450 1 0 16:53 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/
local/pgsql/database
postgres 21459 20946 0 16:56 pts/0 00:00:00 grep pg
[postgres@mars database]$
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- pg_ctlコマンドを利用して，ステータスを確認する．
[postgres@mars database]$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl status ￥
> -D /usr/local/pgsql/database
pg_ctl: postmaster is running (PID: 21450)
Command line was:
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster '-D' '/usr/local/pgsql/database'
[postgres@mars database]$
[postgres@mars database]$
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[postgres@mars database]$ cat /usr/local/pgsql/database/log/postgresql.log
LOG: database system was shut down at 2005-09-14 16:37:12 JST
LOG: checkpoint record is at 0/9B0B8C
LOG: redo record is at 0/9B0B8C; undo record is at 0/0; shutdown TRUE
LOG: next transaction ID: 536; next OID: 17142
LOG: database system is ready
[postgres@mars database]$
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- 正常に起動できたことが確認できた．
- データベースを停止する．
[postgres@mars database]$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl stop ￥
> -D /usr/local/pgsql/database
waiting for postmaster to shut down.....done
postmaster successfully shut down
[postgres@mars database]$
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[postgres@mars database]$ cat /usr/local/pgsql/database/log/postgresql.log
LOG: database system was shut down at 2005-09-14 16:37:12 JST
LOG: checkpoint record is at 0/9B0B8C
LOG: redo record is at 0/9B0B8C; undo record is at 0/0; shutdown TRUE
LOG: next transaction ID: 536; next OID: 17142
LOG: database system is ready
LOG: received smart shutdown request
LOG: shutting down
LOG: database system is shut down
[postgres@mars database]$
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５．起動・停止コマンドの準備
- pg_ctlを使ってオプションをつけずに起動してみる．
[postgres@mars database]$ pg_ctl start
pg_ctl: no database directory specified and environment variable PGDATA unset
Try "pg_ctl --help" for more information.
[postgres@mars database]$
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- 環境変数PGDATAにデータベース格納ディレクトリを指定すればよいことがわかった．
- 環境変数を設定する．
[postgres@mars database]$ export PGDATA=/usr/local/pgsql/database
[postgres@mars database]$
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[postgres@mars database]$ pg_ctl start ￥
> -l /usr/local/pgsql/database/log/postgresql.log
postmaster successfully started
[postgres@mars database]$
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[postgres@mars database]$ pg_ctl status
pg_ctl: postmaster is running (PID: 21649)
Command line was:
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster
[postgres@mars database]$
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- このとき，データベース格納ディレクトリの指定は不要であることが確認できた．
- データベースを停止する．
[postgres@mars database]$ pg_ctl stop
waiting for postmaster to shut down......done
postmaster successfully shut down
[postgres@mars database]$
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- PGDATA環境変数が生きているようである．
- ログファイル名を入力するのも面倒なので，環境変数PGDATAと，aliasを定義する．
[postgres@mars postgres]$ cat .bashrc
# .bashrc
# User specific aliases and functions
# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
. /etc/bashrc
fi
PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/bin:$PATH
export LANG=C
export PGDATA=/usr/local/pgsql/database
alias pg_start="pg_ctl start -l /usr/local/pgsql/database/log/postgresql.log"
alias pg_stop="pg_ctl stop"
[postgres@mars postgres]$
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[postgres@mars postgres]$ . .bashrc
[postgres@mars postgres]$ env | grep PGDATA
PGDATA=/usr/local/pgsql/database
[postgres@mars postgres]$ alias|grep pg_
alias pg_start='pg_ctl start -l /usr/local/pgsql/database/log/postgresql.log'
alias pg_stop='pg_ctl stop'
[postgres@mars postgres]$
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- これで，postgresユーザでログインした際には，簡単にデータベースの起動と停止ができるようになる．
- 試してみる．
[postgres@mars postgres]$ pg_start
pg_ctl: Another postmaster may be running. Trying to start postmaster anyway.
pg_ctl: cannot start postmaster
Examine the log output.
[postgres@mars postgres]$ pg_stop
waiting for postmaster to shut down......done
postmaster successfully shut down
[postgres@mars postgres]$ pg_start
postmaster successfully started
[postgres@mars postgres]$ pg_ctl status
pg_ctl: postmaster is running (PID: 8867)
Command line was:
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster
[postgres@mars postgres]$
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